Openssl Generate Public And Private Key C++
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OpenSSL is a CLI (Command Line Tool) which can be used to secure the server to generate public key infrastructure (PKI) and HTTPS. This article helps you as a quick reference to understand OpenSSL commands which are very useful in common, and for everyday scenarios especially for system administrators.
Certificate Signing Requests (CSRs)
Oct 09, 2019 How to Generate & Use Private Keys using OpenSSL's Command Line Tool. These commands generate and use private keys in unencrypted binary (not Base64 “PEM”) PKCS#8 format. The PKCS#8 format is used here because it is the most interoperable format when dealing with software that isn't based on OpenSSL. CkRsa rsa; // Generate a 1024-bit key. Chilkat RSA supports // key sizes ranging from 512 bits to 4096 bits. // Note: Starting in Chilkat v9.5.0.49, RSA key sizes can be up to 8192 bits. // It takes a considerable amount of time and processing power to generate // an 8192-bit key. Bool success = rsa.
If we want to obtain SSL certificate from a certificate authority (CA), we must generate a certificate signing request (CSR). A CSR consists of mainly the public key of a key pair, and some additional information. Both these components are merged into the certificate whenever we are signing for the CSR.
While generating a CSR, the system will prompt for information regarding the certificate and this information is called as Distinguished Name (DN). The important field in the DN is the Common Name (CN) which should be the FQND (Fully Qualified Domain Name) of the server or the host where we intend to use the certificate with.
The next item in a DN is to provide the additional information about our business or organization. If we purchase an SSL certificate from a certificate authority (CA), it is very important and required that these additional fields like “Organization” should reflect your organization for details.
Here is a general example for the CSR information prompt, when we run the OpenSSL command to generate the CSR.
We can also provide the information by non-interactive answers for the CSR information generation, we can do this by adding the –subj option to any OpenSSL commands that we try to generate or run.
Below is an example for the –subj option where we can provide the information of the organization where we want to use this CSR.
Generating CSRs
In this section, we will cover about OpenSSL commands which are related to generating the CSR. This CSR can be used to request an SSL certificate from a certificate authority.
Generate a Private Key and a CSR
If we want to use HTTPS (HTTP over TLS) to secure the Apache or Nginx web servers (using a Certificate Authority (CA) to issue the SSL certificate). Also, the ‘.CSR’ which we will be generating has to be sent to a CA for requesting the certificate for obtaining CA-signed SSL.
Below is the command to create a 2048-bit private key for ‘domain.key’ and a CSR ‘domain.csr’ from the scratch.
The ‘–newkey rsa:2048’ is the option which we are specifying that the key should be 2048-bit using the RSA algorithm. The ’ –nodes’ option is to specifying that the private key should not be encrypted with a pass phrase. The ‘-new’ option, indicates that a CSR is being generated.
Generate a CSR from an Existing Private Key
Here we will learn about, how to generate a CSR for which you have the private key.
Below is the command to create a new .csr file based on the private key which we already have.
Generate a CSR from an Existing Certificate and Private key
Here we can generate or renew an existing certificate where we miss the CSR file due to some reason. Here, the CSR will extract the information using the .CRT file which we have.
Below is the example for generating –
Where -x509toreq is specified that we are using the x509 certificate files to make a CSR.
Generating a Self-Singed Certificates
Here we will generate the Certificate to secure the web server where we use the self-signed certificate to use for development and testing purpose.
Here, we generate self-signed certificate using –x509 option, we can generate certificates with a validity of 365 days using –days 365 and a temporary .CSR files are generated using the above information.
Viewing the Certificates Files
Please note that, CSR files are encoded with .PEM format (which is not readable by the humans). This is required to view a certificate. In this section, we can cover the OpenSSL commands which are encoded with .PEM files.
Viewing CSR Files Entires
Soleslayer generating checkout request key. The below command will be used to view the contents of the .CRT files Ex (domain.crt) in the plain text format.
Working with Private Keys
In this section, will see how to use OpenSSL commands that are specific to creating and verifying the private keys.
Create a Private Key
Below is the command to create a password-protected and, 2048-bit encrypted private key file (ex. domain.key) –
Enter a password when prompted to complete the process.
Verify a Private Key
Below is the command to check that a private key which we have generated (ex: domain.key) is a valid key or not
If the private key is encrypted, you will be prompted to enter the pass phrase. Upon the successful entry, the unencrypted key will be the output on the terminal.
In this article, we have learnt some commands and usage of OpenSSL commands which deals with SSL certificates where the OpenSSL has lots of features. We will learn more features and usage in the future. I hope this article will help us to understand some basic features of the OpenSSL.
-->To sign an assembly with a strong name, you must have a public/private key pair. This public and private cryptographic key pair is used during compilation to create a strong-named assembly. You can create a key pair using the Strong Name tool (Sn.exe). Key pair files usually have an .snk extension.
Note
In Visual Studio, the C# and Visual Basic project property pages include a Signing tab that enables you to select existing key files or to generate new key files without using Sn.exe. In Visual C++, you can specify the location of an existing key file in the Advanced property page in the Linker section of the Configuration Properties section of the Property Pages window. The use of the AssemblyKeyFileAttribute attribute to identify key file pairs was made obsolete beginning with Visual Studio 2005.
Create a key pair
To create a key pair, at a command prompt, type the following command:
sn –k <file name>
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In this command, file name is the name of the output file containing the key pair.
The following example creates a key pair called sgKey.snk.
If you intend to delay sign an assembly and you control the whole key pair (which is unlikely outside test scenarios), you can use the following commands to generate a key pair and then extract the public key from it into a separate file. First, create the key pair:
Next, extract the public key from the key pair and copy it to a separate file:
Once you create the key pair, you must put the file where the strong name signing tools can find it.
When signing an assembly with a strong name, the Assembly Linker (Al.exe) looks for the key file relative to the current directory and to the output directory. When using command-line compilers, you can simply copy the key to the current directory containing your code modules.
Public And Private Key Encryption
If you are using an earlier version of Visual Studio that does not have a Signing tab in the project properties, the recommended key file location is the project directory with the file attribute specified as follows: